Fet was a poet. Fet, Afanasy Afanasyevich
Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet(real name Shenshin) (1820-1892) - Russian poet, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1886).
Afanasy Fet was born December 5 (November 23, old style), 1820 in the village of Novoselki, Mtsensk district, Oryol province. He was the illegitimate son of the landowner Shenshin, and at the age of fourteen, by decision of the spiritual consistory, he received the surname of his mother, Charlotte Fet, at the same time losing the right to nobility. Subsequently, he achieved a hereditary noble rank and returned the surname Shenshin to himself, but the literary name - Fet - remained with him forever.
Athanasius studied at the verbal faculty of Moscow University, here he became close to Apollon Grigoriev and was a member of a circle of students who were intensively engaged in philosophy and poetry. While still a student, in 1840, Fet published the first collection of his poems - "Lyrical Pantheon". In 1845-1858 he served in the army, then acquired large lands and became a landowner. According to his convictions, A. Fet was a monarchist and a conservative.
The origin of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet is still not fully understood. According to the official version, Fet was the son of the Orel landowner Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin and Charlotte-Elizaveta Fet, who had fled from her first husband to Russia. The divorce proceedings dragged on, and the wedding of Shenshin and Fet took place only after the birth of the boy. According to another version, his father was the first husband of Charlotte-Elizabeth Johann-Peter Fet, but the child was born already in Russia and was recorded under the name of his adoptive father. One way or another, at the age of 14, the boy was recognized as illegitimate and deprived of all noble privileges. This event, which overnight turned the son of a wealthy Russian landowner into a rootless foreigner, had a profound impact on Fet's entire subsequent life. Wanting to protect their son from litigation regarding his origin, the parents sent the boy to a German boarding school in the city of Verro (Võru, Estonia). In 1837, he spent half a year in the Moscow boarding school of Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin, preparing to enter Moscow University, and in 1838 he became a student of the historical and philological department of the Faculty of Philosophy. The university environment (Apollon Aleksandrovich Grigoriev, in whose house Fet lived throughout his studies, students Yakov Petrovich Polonsky, Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov, Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin, etc.) contributed to the formation of Fet as a poet in the best possible way. In 1840, he published the first collection of A. F. Lyrical Pantheon. The Pantheon did not produce much resonance, but the collection drew the attention of critics and opened the way to key periodicals: after its publication, Fet's poems began to appear regularly in Moskvityanin and Otechestvennye Zapiski.
You tell me: I'm sorry! I say goodbye!
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich
Hoping to receive a letter of nobility, in 1845 Afanasy Afanasyevich enrolled in a cuirassier order regiment stationed in the Kherson province, with the rank of non-commissioned officer, a year later he received the rank of officer, but shortly before that it became known that from now on the nobility gives only the rank of major. During the years of the Kherson service, a personal tragedy broke out in the life of Fet, which left its mark on the subsequent work of the poet. Beloved Feta, the daughter of a retired general, Maria Lazich, died from her burns - her dress flared up from a match accidentally or deliberately dropped. The version of suicide seems the most likely: Maria was a dowry, and her marriage to Fet was impossible. In 1853, Fet was transferred to the Novgorod province, having received the opportunity to visit St. Petersburg frequently. His name gradually returned to the pages of magazines, this was facilitated by new friends - Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, Alexander Vasilyevich Druzhinin, Vasily Petrovich Botkin, who were part of the editorial board of Sovremennik. A special role in the poet's work was played by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, who prepared and published a new edition of Fet's poems (1856).
In 1859, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet received the long-awaited rank of major, but the dream of returning the nobility was not destined to come true then - since 1856 this title was awarded only to colonels. Fet retired and, after a long trip abroad, settled in Moscow. In 1857 he married the middle-aged and ugly Maria Petrovna Botkina, receiving a solid dowry for her, which made it possible to purchase an estate in the Mtsensk district. “He has now become an agronomist - a master to the point of desperation, let go of his beard to his loins ... he doesn’t want to hear about literature and scolds magazines with enthusiasm,” I. S. Turgenev commented on the changes that happened to Fet. Indeed, for a long time, only accusatory articles about the post-reform state of agriculture came out from the pen of a talented poet. “People don’t need my literature, and I don’t need fools,” Fet wrote in a letter to Nikolai Nikolaevich Strakhov, hinting at the lack of interest and misunderstanding on the part of contemporaries who were fascinated by civic poetry and populist ideas. Contemporaries answered in the same way: “All of them (Fet’s poems) are of such content that a horse could write them if it learned to write poetry,” this is the textbook assessment of Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky.
Afanasy Fet returned to literary work only in the 1880s after returning to Moscow. Now he was no longer the rootless poor Fet, but the rich and respected nobleman Shenshin (in 1873, his dream finally came true, he received a letter of nobility and his father's surname), a skilled Oryol landowner and owner of a mansion in Moscow. He again became close to his old friends: Polonsky, Strakhov, Solovyov. In 1881, his translation of the main work of Arthur Schopenhauer "The World as Will and Representation" was published, a year later - the first part of "Faust", in 1883 - the works of Horace, later Decimus Junius Juvenal, Gaius Valerius Catullus, Ovid, Maron Publius Virgil, Johann Friedrich Schiller, Alfred de Musset, Heinrich Heine and other famous writers and poets. Collections of poems under the general title "Evening Lights" were published in small editions. In 1890, two volumes of memoirs, My Memoirs, appeared; the third, The Early Years of My Life, was published posthumously, in 1893.
By the end of his life, Fet's physical condition became unbearable: his eyesight deteriorated sharply, aggravated asthma was accompanied by asthma attacks and excruciating pains. On November 21, 1892, Fet dictated to his secretary: “I don’t understand the conscious increase in inevitable suffering, I voluntarily go towards the inevitable.” The suicide attempt failed: the poet died earlier from apoplexy.
All Fet's work can be considered in the dynamics of its development. The first verses of the university period tend to glorify the sensual, pagan beginning. The beautiful acquires specific visual forms, harmonious and complete. There is no contradiction between the spiritual and carnal worlds, there is something that unites them - beauty. The search and disclosure of beauty in nature and man is the main task of the early Fet. Already in the first period, tendencies appear that are characteristic of later creativity. The objective world became less clear, and shades of the emotional state, impressionistic sensations came to the fore. The expression of the inexpressible, the unconscious, music, fantasy, experience, an attempt to capture the sensual, not the object, but the impression of the object - all this determined the poetry of Afanasy Fet in the 1850s-1860s. The later lyrics of the writer took shape largely under the influence of the tragic philosophy of Schopenhauer. The creativity of the 1880s is characterized by an attempt to escape into another world, the world of pure ideas and essences. In this, Fet was close to the aesthetics of the Symbolists, who considered the poet their teacher.
Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet passed away December 3 (November 21, old style), 1892, in Moscow.
“His articles, in which he advocated for the interests of the landowners, aroused the indignation of the entire advanced press. After a long break in poetic work, in his seventh decade, in the 80s, Fet published a collection of poems “Evening Lights”, where his work unfolded from new strength.
Fet entered the history of Russian poetry as a representative of the so-called "pure art". He argued that beauty is the only goal of the artist. Nature and love were the main themes of Fet's works. But in this relatively narrow sphere, his talent manifested itself with great brilliance. ...
Athanasius Fet especially skillfully conveyed the nuances of feelings, vague, fluent or barely nascent moods. "The ability to catch the elusive" - this is how criticism characterized this trait of his talent.
Poems by Athanasius Fet
Don't wake her up at dawn
At dawn she sleeps so sweetly;
Morning breathes on her chest
Brightly puffs on the pits of the cheeks.
And her pillow is hot
And a hot tiring dream,
And, blackening, they run on their shoulders
Braids tape on both sides.
And yesterday at the window in the evening
For a long, long time she sat
And watched the game through the clouds,
What, sliding, started the moon.
And the brighter the moon played
And the louder the nightingale whistled,
She became more and more pale
My heart was beating harder and harder.
That's why on a young chest,
On the cheeks so the morning burns.
Don't wake her, don't wake her...
At dawn she sleeps so sweetly!
I came to you with greetings
Say that the sun has risen
What is hot light
The sheets fluttered;
Tell that the forest woke up
All woke up, each branch,
Startled by every bird
And full of spring thirst;
Tell that with the same passion
Like yesterday, I came again
That the soul is still the same happiness
And ready to serve you;
Tell that from everywhere
Joy blows on me
I don't know what I will
Sing - but only the song matures.
There are some sounds
And cling to my headboard.
They are full of languid separation,
Trembling with unparalleled love.
It would seem, so what? resounded
Last gentle caress
Dust ran down the street
The postal stroller disappeared...
And only... But the parting song
Unrealizable teases love,
And light sounds are carried
And cling to my headboard.
Muse
How long has she visited my corner again,
Made you languish and love?
Whom did you incarnate this time?
Whose speech affectionate managed to bribe?
Give me your hand. Sit down. Light your torch of inspiration.
Sing, good one! In silence I recognize your voice
And I will stand, trembling, on my knees,
Memorize the verses sung by you.
How sweet, forgetting worldly excitement,
From pure thoughts to blaze and go out,
Your mighty smelling breath,
And listen to your eternally virginal words.
Come, heavenly, to my sleepless nights
More blissful dreams and glory and love,
And with a gentle name, barely spoken,
Bless my thoughtful work again.
All night the neighboring ravine thundered,
The brook, bubbling, ran to the brook,
Resurrected waters pressure last
He announced his victory.
Did you sleep. I opened the window
Cranes were crying in the steppe,
And the power of thought carried away
Beyond the borders of the native land,
Fly to the boundless, off-road,
Through the forests, through the fields, -
And under me spring shivers
The earth was moving.
How to trust the migratory shadow?
Why this instant affliction
When you are here; my good genius
A troubled friend?
Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch.
Around winter. Tough time!
In vain, tears froze on them,
And cracked, shrinking, the bark.
All the angrier blizzard and every minute
Angrily tears the last sheets, -
And a fierce cold grabs at the heart;
They stand silent; shut up and you!
But believe in spring. Genius will rush her
Breathing warmth and life again.
For clear days, for new revelations
A grieving soul will be ill.
Forgive and forget everything in your cloudless hour,
Like a young moon at the height of azure;
And they break into the outer bliss more than once
With the aspiration of the young frightening storms.
When under a cloud, transparent and pure,
The dawn will tell that the day of bad weather has passed, -
You will not find a blade of grass and you will not find a leaf,
So that he does not cry and does not shine with happiness.
With one push to drive the rook alive
From the smoothed ebb of the sands,
One wave to rise into another life,
Feel the wind from the flowering shores.
To interrupt a dreary dream with a single sound,
Get drunk suddenly unknown, dear,
Give life a sigh, give sweetness to secret torment
Someone else instantly feel your own,
Whisper about what the tongue goes numb to,
Strengthen the fight of fearless hearts -
That's what the singer only the chosen one owns,
That is his sign and crown!
Spruce covered the path with my sleeve.
Wind. In the forest alone
Noisy, and creepy, and sad, and fun,
I do not understand anything.
Wind. All around is buzzing and swaying,
Leaves swirl at your feet.
Chu, there is suddenly heard in the distance
Subtly calling horn.
Sweet call to me herald copper!
Dead sheets to me!
It seems that the poor wanderer came from afar
You warmly greet.
1891.
Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet - quotes
Night. Can't hear city noise. There is a star in the sky - and from it, Like a spark, a thought was sown Secretly in my sad heart.
Mother! Look out of the window - To know, yesterday it was not for nothing that the cat Washed its nose: There is no dirt, the whole yard is covered, It brightened, turned white - It can be seen that there is a frost. Not prickly, light blue Frost is hung on the branches - Look at least you! As if someone with a thorny Fresh, white, puffy cotton wool All removed the bushes.
Long forgotten, under a light layer of dust, Cherished features, you are again in front of me And in the hour of mental anguish, you instantly resurrected Everything that was lost by the soul a long time ago. Burning with the fire of shame, the eyes again meet One credulity, hope and love, And faded patterns of sincere words From my heart to the cheeks drive blood.
If I meet a bright dawn in the sky, I tell her about my secret, If I approach the forest key And I whisper to him about the secret. And as the stars tremble in the night, I'm glad to tell them all night; Only when I look at you, I will never say anything.
From the thin lines of the ideal, From the children's sketches of the chela You have not lost anything, But all of a sudden you have gained. Your gaze is open and fearless, Although your soul is quiet; But yesterday's paradise shines in it And an accomplice of sin.
Biography and episodes of life Athanasius Fet. When born and died Afanasy Fet, memorable places and dates of important events in his life. poet quotes, Photo and video.
Years of life of Afanasy Fet:
born December 5, 1820, died November 21, 1892
Epitaph
"The waves are whispering,
The shore whispers with another,
The full moon sways
Heed the kisses of the night.
In the sky, in the grass and in the water
Hear the whisper of the night
Quietly rushing everywhere:
"Darling, come on a date ...".
A poem by Alexander Blok dedicated to the memory of Afanasy Fet
Biography
The famous Russian poet Afanasy Fet became a prominent representative of pure poetry, making love and nature the main themes of his work. Almost all his life, Fet tried to regain the title of a nobleman and the right to inheritance. It all started with the fact that the mother of the future poet - Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker - being pregnant with him, started a stormy romance with the landowner Athanasius Shenshin when he was on vacation in Darmstadt. Pregnancy did not stop the lovers, they secretly moved to Russia from everyone. Here, on the estate of her beloved, Charlotte gives birth, and the child is recorded as the son of Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. But the wedding of Charlotte Becker with Shenshin took place only two years later - after she converted to Orthodoxy.
At the age of fourteen, Athanasius receives the first blow of fate when it is discovered that he was born out of wedlock. As a result, he is deprived of the nobility, Russian citizenship, surname and, at the same time, his position in society. Wanting to restore justice and win back his right to the inheritance, Fet decides to enter the cuirassier regiment. According to the then existing laws, after six months of service it was possible to obtain an officer rank, and with it the much-desired nobility would be returned. However, failures continue to haunt young Fet: in Russia, a decree is issued according to which only senior officers who have served for at least 15 years can receive a title of nobility.
Fet made his first attempts at poetry at a young age, when he was in the German boarding house of Krummer. When the poet was about 20 years old, the Lyric Pantheon, the first collection of poems by Afanasy Fet, was published. This is followed by publications in such magazines as Otechestvennye Zapiski and Moskvityanin. In 1846, the writer receives his first officer rank. The second collection of Fet's works receives laudatory reviews from critics, but the joy of success was overshadowed by the death of his beloved Maria Lazich. The Russian poet dedicates a number of poems and the poem "Talisman" to the deceased beloved.
Together with his regiment, Fet was stationed near St. Petersburg, where he met Goncharov, Nekrasov, Turgenev. It is under the editorship of the latter that the third collection of Fet is published. Tired of trying to regain the nobility, the poet resigns. Together with his wife Maria Petrovna - the sister of the then famous critic Botkin - he moved to Moscow.
Many years later, when the two-volume collection of Fet's poetic works saw the light, he was nevertheless returned the title of a nobleman, and at the same time the surname Shenshin. But the poet decides not to change his literary pseudonym and signs his poems with the surname Fet until his death.
The official date of Fet's death is November 21, 1892. Although the cause of death of Afanasy Fet was a heart attack, biographers suggest that he could have committed suicide. Fet's funeral was held in the village of Kleimenova. Until now, here, in the Shenshin family estate, the ashes of the famous Russian poet rest.
life line
December 5, 1820 Date of birth of Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet (Shenshin).
1835 Admission to the German private boarding school Krümmer in Verro (Estonia).
1837 Admission to Moscow University.
1840 The release of Fet's collection of poems "Lyrical Pantheon".
1845 Entering service in the cuirassier regiment of the Military Order.
1850 The release of the second collection of poetry by Athanasius Fet.
1853 Moving to St. Petersburg for work.
1857 Marriage with Maria Botkina.
1857 Resignation with the rank of Guards Staff Captain and moving to Moscow.
1867 Appointment to the position of justice of the peace.
November 21, 1892 Fet's date of death.
Memorable places
1. The village of Novoselki in the Oryol region, where Afanasy Fet was born.
2. The city of Võru in Estonia, where the young poet studied.
3. Moscow State University, where Fet studied.
4. The Baltic port, where Fet was serving.
5. The village of Kleymenovo, where Afanasy Fet is buried.
6. Feta's estate-museum in the 1st Vorobyovka, Kursk region.
7. Monument to Fet in Orel (near the writer's house on Saltykov-Shchedrin Street).
Episodes of life
For the original style of presentation, Afanasy Fet was called a representative of pure poetry and, of course, one of the best poets of the lyric genre. It is interesting that in one of his most revealing poems - "Whisper, timid breathing ..." - not a single verb is used. At the same time, in such a seemingly static description, the movement of time is perfectly reflected.
The first love of Afanasy Fet is associated with the name of a young, well-educated aristocrat, Maria Lazich. For some time, the lovers maintained a relationship that did not go beyond light flirting, but Fet, despite the obvious sentiment towards Mary, decided never to marry her. Soon their union broke up, and shortly after that, Lazich tragically died due to a fire. Her last words were addressed to Athanasius. The poet himself experienced the loss for a long and painful time. Until the end of his life, he regretted that their marriage never took place.
Covenant
“The soul is trembling, ready to flare up cleaner,
Although the spring day has long faded
And by the moonlight in the cemetery of life
Terrible is the night, and its own shadow.
Documentary film about Afanasy Fet
condolences
“... This painful illness dragged on almost without improvement. Ostroumov said that at the age of 72 it is difficult to wait for recovery, but Marya Petrovna and I all hoped. I remember that P. P. Botkin, visiting the patient several times, told Marya Petrovna that Afanasy Afanasyevich should be given communion. But Marya Petrovna each time said resolutely: “For God's sake, don't tell him that; he will be angry and it will be worse for him; he does not believe in rituals; I already take this sin upon myself and I will pray for it myself.”
Ekaterina Kudryavtseva, secretary of Afanasy Fet
“... My heart was breaking, watching how every hour my dear Afanasy Afanasyevich left us farther and farther. "I'm going out like a lamp," he said.
Maria Shenshin, wife
It starts simply with Shakespearean passions. His father, a wealthy nobleman Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin, a 45-year-old man of the hussar warehouse, a former captain, while undergoing treatment in Germany, fell head over heels in love with the 20-year-old mother of the future poet Charlotte Fet. This passion was not hindered either by the fact that the lady was married, or by the fact that she already had a daughter, or by the fact that the lady was pregnant with Athanasius...
The boy was born in December 1820. Fet's biography contains a period of happy childhood in the Oryol estate of his father in the village. Novoselki.
About the Shenshin-Fetov family
In fact, the biological father of Athanasius Fet is Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Fet, an assessor at the Darmstadt city court. The blood sister remained in Germany.
Two children of Charlotte Fet and Afanasy Shenshin (Anna and Vasily) died in infancy. The poet also had a half-sister, Lyuba, born in 1824.
Offended by the kidnapping of his wife, the German biological father disinherited Athanasius.
Status of an illegitimate son
The carefree childhood of the future poet in the Shenshin estate lasted up to 14 years, until the Orthodox (diocesan) authorities, who, as they say now, exercise legal supervision, discovered that the date of the parents' wedding (1822) was later than the date of the child's birth. This entailed significant legal consequences for Athanasius. Fet's biography contains information that the young man suffered deeply from his special status of "illegitimate".
The chronological table testifies to the rhythm of life imposed on him. Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich, on the one hand, was attracted by poetry, and on the other hand, by the duty of returning noble privileges to posterity.
Dates | Developments |
In the village of Novoselki, a son, Athanasius, was born into the landowning family of the Shenshins. |
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Education at the boarding house Krommera in the Finnish city of Verro |
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Pension of Professor Pogodin |
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Education at the Department of Literature of Moscow University |
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Service in the cuirassier regiment in the Kherson province |
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First poetry collection |
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Second collection of poems |
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Fet becomes a local nobleman and lives on the estate in Stepanovka |
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The most productive period of creativity (in the village of Vorobyovka) |
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1883, 1885, 1888, 1891 | Years of publication of cycles of the poet's best poems |
Death from an asthma attack |
Too many milestones in his life - he honorably overcame restrictions in education, forced military service, marriage to an unloved woman, hermitage in the countryside - clearly were not included in his original plans. Such stages of life do not make a person happy... All this, unfortunately, affected the health of the poet. The years of Fet's life could cover a larger period of time.
Adversity changed the character of the poet
Perhaps this state of inner suffering was the reason for the birth in his soul of the lyrics of the highest level, the crystal clear style of poetry.
He could not bear his father's surname, he was not a Russian subject, and accordingly, he did not inherit the rights of the nobility. His surname was Fet, and the young man was considered a German subject. Everything that his brothers and sisters inherited by birth, he should have earned. This is how the vigilance of the spiritual fathers-clerks made the subsequent life of the poet unhappy. He entered the rights of the nobility only at the age of 50! Therefore, literary critics emphasize: Fet's dim, gloomy biography and his clear, watercolor poetic heritage are deeply contrasting. The severe psychological trauma inflicted by the inhumanity of the law determined the difficult character of this most talented person.
Education
Unlike the rest of the Shenshins, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet received a good education. Diligence and a predisposition to the sciences did their job ... Being a German subject, he was forced to start studying at a Protestant German boarding school. However, he owes his knowledge of the Latin language and classical philology to the teachers of this institution. It was here that his first poems were written.
The beginning of creativity
The young man had a dream - to study at Moscow University. The boarding school of Professor Pogodin served as a stepping stone to this admission.
Since 1838, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet has been a student of the literature department of the university he coveted. From here originates his long-term friendship with the future poet and critic Apollon Grigoriev. Here, in 1840, Fet wrote his first collection of poems, Lyrical Pantheon. In the works of the novice poet, imitation of Venediktov and Pushkin was felt. Fet's early lyrics are published by the journals Otechestvennye Zapiski and Moskvityanin. Fet yearns for recognition, thanks to which he hopes to regain the title of nobility. However, Fet's early lyrics do not bring success adequate to such a dream.
Then the active young man acts in accordance with "Plan B" - he receives a title of nobility after military service.
The poet serves in the army
He serves in the cuirassier regiment, which is stationed in the Kherson province.
At this time, the plot of his personal drama falls. An unknown, frankly poor young man has a serious feeling for Maria Lazich, the daughter of a small estate nobleman. Moreover, this feeling is mutual (and, as it turned out, for life.) However, the destructive complex that has developed in Athanasius "to return the nobility above all else" prevents marriage and the creation of a happy family ... Maria died untimely, while still young, leaving her lover memories and regrets .
Afanasy Fet, whose poetic original gift began to appear, calls the years of service impartially: "conclusion." The first resounding success was accompanied by his poems, published in 1850. The poet is recognized by the creative elite. He gets acquainted and becomes well received by Nekrasov, Druzhinin, Leo Tolstoy. His works are finally expected and loved. However, Afanasy Fet, a poet from God, is still going to his creative heights. A new collection of poetry, published in 1856, is only a milestone on this path.
Marriage, landowner status
He never served the title in the army, although he rose to the rank of captain (which corresponds to the modern rank of captain, and in order to return the title, according to the logic of a military career, Fet should have become a colonel).
However, by this time the life of Afanasy Afanasyevich had changed dramatically. Returning to civilian life, he married Botkina, the sister of a famous literary critic. This marriage was rather accomplished by him out of calculation than out of love. Thus, Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich became related to a wealthy merchant family and drew the line of his poverty. Fate becomes favorable to him. The royal decree recognizes his right to his father's inheritance, he is also given the surname Shenshin. The poet calls this event the most joyful in his life. He had been waiting for it for many years.
However, fans of his work are still interested in the question: “Why did the famous poet decide on a marriage of convenience?” No direct answer was found in his diaries. In any case, this is a matter of personal choice: to choose family life, secretly suffering from a failed marriage with a loved one ... Perhaps he was tired of fighting with a society that limited his rights, he decided, finally, to find peace, since he did not get happiness in love. Such a characteristic of Fet has a basis. However, he will remember his deceased beloved Maria Lazich until his death, dedicating poems to her.
Fet - active landowner
In 1860, with the capital of his wife, he buys the Stepanovka farm, where he has been farming almost non-stop for 17 years. On the farm, Fet the landowner owns two hundred souls. He is completely immersed in the organization and management of the economy. There is practically no time left for creativity. He becomes "a convinced and tenacious Russian agrarian." Afanasy Afanasyevich, devoting a lot of time and effort to a new cause for himself and distinguished not only by his poetic gift, but also by worldly wisdom, achieves respect in society. Evidence of recognition is the performance of his duties as a justice of the peace.
The efficient management of the Feta landowner contributed to the capitalization of the funds earned by him in agricultural production. He actually earned his wealth by his labor.
The most fruitful period of creativity
In 1877, the poet enters a new, most fruitful period of his work. His poetic style has been worked out, and the suffering soul longs to plunge into the ocean of pure poetry. The history of Fet goes back to its last highest stage, which brought him the glory of an incomparable lyricist. Precisely in order to isolate himself from the vain world and focus on high creativity, Afanasy Afanasyevich buys the Kursk village of Vorobyovka, where he spends the warm season. For the winter, the poet always returned to his Moscow mansion. The life of Afanasy Fet, starting from this milestone, is entirely devoted to poetry.
This period of creativity was the most productive. Fet's chronological table testifies to the dynamics of writing collections by him: 1883, 1885, 1888, 1891 ... It is noteworthy that all these collections of poems written over a decade are combined into a common cycle "Evening Lights".
Fet's poetry is unique
All the poetry of Afanasy Afanasyevich, presented in the author's collections, can be conditionally grouped into three main themes: nature, love, art. He devoted his poetic activity only to these subjects. Fet's lyrics are simple and bright, they are really written for all time. The reader who wants to find in his poems the associations found in his own life will surely find them: in the majestic landscape of the forest, the life-giving sound of rain, in the joyful portal of the rainbow. Composer Tchaikovsky compared his poetry with music. According to many critics, none of his colleagues achieved the richness of the poetic palette achieved by Afanasy Fet in describing nature. Muse Fet is special: simple and graceful, calmly gliding on her wings above the ground, captivating readers with her lightness and grace.
The poet developed a harmonious principle in his work, fundamentally dissociating himself from "mental bad weather", anxieties, conflicts and injustice. The poet called his artistic style "the mind of the heart."
Instead of a conclusion
The years of Fet's life are 1820-1892. A year before his death, his literary research was "highly" appreciated. Fet was granted the rank of chamberlain (a high rank of court rank, roughly equivalent to a major general).
However, the poet's health was already failing him ... He was not up to palace careers ... He died during an asthmatic attack. Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich was buried in the Oryol family estate, located in the village of Kleymenovo.
Summing up the above, we should mention the influence of the work of Afanasy Afanasyevich on the generation of symbolist poets: Balmont, Blok, Yesenin. He is undoubtedly the founder of the Russian school of pure art, which fascinates with its sincerity.
(1820-12-05 )Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet(Fet) (the first 14 and the last 19 years of his life officially bore the surname Shenshin; November 23 [December 5], Novoselki estate, Mtsensk district, Orel province - November 21 [December 3], Moscow) - Russian lyric poet, translator, memoirist.
Biography
Father - Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Vöth (1789-1825), assessor of the city court of Darmstadt. Mother - Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker (1798-1844). Sister - Caroline-Charlotte-Georgina-Ernestina Feth (1819-?). Stepfather - Shenshin Afanasy Neofitovich (1775-1855). Maternal grandfather - Karl Wilhelm Becker (1766-1826), Privy Councilor, military commissar. Paternal grandfather - Johann Vöth, paternal grandmother - Milens Sibylla. Maternal grandmother - Gagern Henriette.
Wife - Botkina Maria Petrovna (1828-1894), from the Botkin family (her older brother, V.P. Botkin, a well-known literary and art critic, author of one of the most significant articles on the work of A. A. Fet, S. P. Botkin - a doctor, whose name is a hospital in Moscow, D.P. Botkin - a collector of paintings), there were no children in the marriage. Nephew - E. S. Botkin, shot in 1918 in Yekaterinburg, along with the family of Nicholas II.
On May 18, 1818, the marriage of 20-year-old Charlotte-Elisabeth Becker and Johann-Peter-Wilhelm Vöth took place in Darmstadt. On September 18-19, 1820, 45-year-old Afanasy Shenshin and Charlotte-Elizaveta Becker, pregnant at 7 months with their second child, secretly left for Russia. In November-December 1820, in the village of Novoselki, Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker had a son, Athanasius.
Around November 30 of the same year in the village of Novoselki, the son of Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker was baptized according to the Orthodox rite, named Athanasius, and recorded in the birth register as the son of Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin. In 1821-1823, Charlotte-Elizabeth had a daughter from Afanasy Shenshin, Anna, and a son, Vasily, who died in infancy. On September 4, 1822, Afanasy Shenshin married Becker, who converted to Orthodoxy before the wedding and became known as Elizaveta Petrovna Fet.
On November 7, 1823, Charlotte-Elizabeth wrote a letter to her brother Ernst Becker in Darmstadt, in which she complained about her ex-husband Johann-Peter-Karl-Wilhelm Föth, who frightened her and offered to adopt her son Athanasius if his debts were paid.
In 1824, Johann VET remarried the tutor of his daughter Caroline. In May 1824, in Mtsensk, Charlotte-Elizabeth had a daughter from Afanasy Shenshin - Lyuba (1824-?). On August 25, 1825, Charlotte-Elizabeth Becker wrote a letter to her brother Ernst, in which she talked about how well Shenshin takes care of her son Athanasius, that even: "... No one will notice that this is not his blood child ...". In March 1826, she again wrote to her brother that her first husband, who had died a month ago, had not left her and her child money: “... To take revenge on me and Shenshin, he forgot his own child, disinherited him and put a stain on him ... Try, if possible , to beg our dear father to help restore this child his rights and honor; he must get a surname ... "Then, in the following letter:" ... It is very surprising to me that Fet forgot in his will and did not recognize his son. A person can make mistakes, but to deny the laws of nature is a very big mistake. It can be seen that before his death he was completely ill ... ", the poet's beloved, the memory of which is dedicated to the poem, poems, and many of his other poems.
Creation
Being one of the most sophisticated lyricists, Fet amazed his contemporaries by the fact that this did not prevent him from being an extremely businesslike, enterprising and successful landowner at the same time. The famous palindromic phrase, written by Fet and included in A. Tolstoy's "The Adventures of Pinocchio", is "A rose fell on Azor's paw."
Poetry
Fet's work is characterized by the desire to escape from everyday reality into the "bright realm of dreams." The main content of his poetry is love and nature. His poems are distinguished by the subtlety of the poetic mood and great artistic skill.
Fet is a representative of the so-called pure poetry. In this regard, throughout his life he argued with N. A. Nekrasov, a representative of social poetry.
A feature of Fet's poetics is that the conversation about the most important is limited to a transparent hint. The most striking example is a poem.
Whisper, timid breath,
trill nightingale
Silver and flutter
sleepy creekNight light, night shadows
Shadows without end
A series of magical changes
sweet face,In smoky clouds purple roses,
reflection of amber,
And kisses, and tears,
And dawn, dawn!..
There is not a single verb in this poem, but the static description of space conveys the very movement of time.
The poem is one of the best poetic works of the lyrical genre. First published in the magazine "Moskvityanin" (1850), then revised and finalized, six years later, in the collection "Poems by A. A. Fet" (published under the editorship of I. S. Turgenev).
Written in a multi-footed trochaic with female and male cross-rhyming (rather rare for the Russian classical tradition in size). At least three times it became the object of literary analysis.
The romance "At dawn, you don't wake her" was written on Fet's verses.
Another famous poem by Fet:
I came to you with greetings To tell you that the sun has risen, That it trembled with hot light On the sheets.
Translations
- both parts of "Faust" by Goethe (-),
- a number of Latin poets:
- Horace, all of whose works in Fetov's translation were published in 1883.
- satires of Juvenal (),
- poems by Catullus (),
- elegies of Tibullus (),
- XV books of Ovid's "Transformations" (),
- elegy Propercia (),
- satyrs Persia () and
- epigrams of Martial ().
Categories:
- Personalities in alphabetical order
- Writers alphabetically
- December 5th
- Born in 1820
- Born in Orel Governorate
- Deceased December 3
- Deceased in 1892
- Deceased in Moscow
- Graduates of the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University
- 19th century Russian writers
- Russian writers of the 19th century
- Poets of the Russian Empire
- Russian poets
- Translators of the Russian Empire
- Poetry translators into Russian
- Cultural figures of the Oryol region
- Illegitimate offspring of aristocrats of the Russian Empire
- Memoirists of the Russian Empire
- Died of heart failure
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- Tyumensky district (Tyumen region)
- Didactic heuristics
See what "Fet, Afanasy Afanasyevich" is in other dictionaries:
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich- real name Shenshin (1820 1892), Russian poet, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1886). Lyrics of nature saturated with specific signs, fleeting moods of the human soul, musicality: “Evening Lights” (sat. 1 4, 1883 91). Many… … encyclopedic Dictionary
Fet, Afanasy Afanasevich- Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet. FET (Shenshin) Afanasy Afanasyevich (1820-92), Russian poet. Penetrating lyricism in the comprehension of nature, service to “pure beauty”, musicality in the inseparable fusion of opposing human feelings, in melody ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich- (real name Shenshin) (1820, Novoselki, Oryol province 1892, Moscow), poet. The son of the landowner A.N. Shenshin and Karolina Fet. He first visited Moscow at the age of 14, passing by, staying at the Shevaldyshev Hotel (, 12; the house is not ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
Born into the family of a landowner Afanasy Neofitovich Shenshin and a mother who left her husband Johann-Peter Fet for him. After fourteen years, the Oryol spiritual consistory returned to Athanasius the surname of his mother's previous husband, because of which he lost all the privileges of the nobility. Fet studied first at home, then was sent to a German boarding school in the city of Verro and brilliantly graduated from it in 1837.
In 1837, Afanasy Fet arrived in Moscow, studied at the boarding school of Professor M.P. Pogodin, and in 1838 he first entered the Faculty of Law, then the Historical and Philological Department of the Faculty of Philosophy of Moscow University.
In 1840, at his own expense, he published a collection of poems, Lyrical Pantheon A.F., which was praised in the Notes of the Fatherland and scolded in the Library for Reading.
In 1842-1843, his eighty-five poems were published in Fatherland Notes.
In 1845, Afanasy Fet entered as a non-commissioned officer in a cuirassier regiment stationed in the Kherson province, wanting to acquire hereditary Russian nobility. In 1846 he was awarded the first officer rank.
In 1847 permission was obtained from the censorship to publish the book and a book of poems was published in 1850. The poems were positively reviewed in the magazines Sovremennik, Moskvityanin, Otechestvennye Zapiski.
In 1853, Afanasy Fet moved to the Guards Lancers stationed near Volkhov, and began to visit St. Petersburg more often. Here he began to communicate with the new edition of Sovremennik N. Nekrasov, I. Turgenev, V. Botkin, A. Druzhinin.
In 1854, his poems began to be published in Sovremennik.
In 1856, Afanasy Fet left military service, with the rank of guards headquarters captain, without serving the nobility, and settled in Moscow. In 1857 he married M.P. Botkina.
In 1860 he bought an estate in the Mtsensk district and, in the words of I. Turgenev, "became an agronomist-owner to the point of desperation."
Since 1862, he began to regularly publish essays in the editorial "Russian Bulletin" that denounced the order in the countryside.
In 1867 - 1877 Afanasy Fet was elected a justice of the peace.
In 1873, the surname Shenshin was recognized as his surname and hereditary nobility was granted. During this period, he did little literary activity.
In 1881, Afanasy Fet bought a mansion in Moscow, and in the same year his translation of The World as Will and Representation by A. Schopenhauer was published.
In 1882, he published his translation of the first part of Faust by I.V. Goethe.
In 1883, Afanasy Fet began to publish his poems again in the form of collections "Evening Lights".
In 1888, the second part of "Faust" by I.V. Goethe in the translation of Athanasius Fet and the third collection of poems "Evening Lights".
Afanasy Fet died of a presumed heart attack on November 21 (December 3), 1892 in Moscow. He was buried in the village of Kleymenovo, the Shenshin family estate.